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KMID : 1039220170270040398
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Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
2017 Volume.27 No. 4 p.398 ~ p.422
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Evaluation of Crystalline Silica Exposure Level by Industries in Korea
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Yeon Dong-Eun
Choi Sang-Jun
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Abstract
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Objectives: The major aim of this study is to construct the database of retrospective exposure assessment for crystalline silica through reviews of literatures in South Korea.
Methods: Airborne concentrations of crystalline silica were collected using an academic information search engine, Research Information Service System(RISS), operated by the Korea Education & Research Information Service(KERIS). The key words used for the literature search were ‘silica’, ‘crystalline silica’, ‘cristobalite’, ‘quartz’ and ‘tridymite’. A total number of 18 published documents with the information of crystalline silica level in air or bulk samples were selected and used to estimate retrospective exposures to crystalline silica. Weighted arithmetic mean(WAM) calculated across studies was summarized by industry type. Industries were classified according to Korea Standard Industrial Classification(KSIC) using information provided in the literature.
Results: A total of 2,131 individual air sampling data measured from 1987 to 2012 were compiled. Compiled individual measurement data consisted of 827 respirable crystalline silica (RCS), 31 total crystalline silica(TCS), 24 crystalline silica(CS), 778 respirable dust(RD) and 471 total dust(TD). Most of RCS measurements(68.9%) were collected from ‘cast of metals(KSIC 243)’. Comparing industry types, ‘mining coal and lignite(KISC 051)’ showed the highest WAM concentration of RCS, 0.14 ㎎/㎥, followed by 0.11 ㎎/㎥ of ‘manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products(KSIC 239)’, 0.108 ㎎/㎥ of ‘manufacture of ceramic ware(KSIC 232)’, 0.098 ㎎/㎥ of ‘heavy construction(KSIC 412)’ and 0.062 ㎎/㎥ of ‘cast of metals(KSIC 243)’. In terms of crystalline silica contents in airborne dust, ‘manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products(KSIC 239)’ showed the highest value of 7.3%(wt/wt), followed by 6.8% of ‘manufacture of ceramic ware(KSIC 232)’, 5.8% of ‘mining of iron ores(KSIC 061)’, 4.9% of ‘cast of metals(KSIC 243)’ and 4.5% of ‘heavy construction(KSIC 412)’. WAM concentrations of RCS had no consistent trends over time from 1994 (0.26 ㎎/㎥) to 2012 (0.12 ㎎/㎥).
Conclusion: The data set related RCS exposure level by industries can be used to determine not only the possibility of retrospective exposure to RCS, but also to evaluate the level of quantitative retrospective exposure to RCS.
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KEYWORD
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crystalline silica, Korea Standard Industrial Classification, retrospective exposure estimation
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